How Ear-ritating: Itchy Ears + Otic Infections in Dogs

Remember, this is an educational resource, not a guide for diagnosis.

We always recommend consulting with your veterinarian.

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Photo Examples of Canine Ear Infections (Otitis)

Ear infections are largely recognizable by excessive itching, inflamed ear canals, redness of the inner ear, and dark yellowish-brown discharge with a strong odor.

  • A close-up view of a dachshund's ear, showing a minor otic infection with redness, dark crusts and debris in the ear.
  • A close-up view of a dog's ear interior showing infection with severe redness, inflammation, and crusty yellow-brown discharge.
  • A close-up of a dog's ear with infection, showing severe skin irritation, redness, brown discharge, and dark crusty patches, with a human hand holding the ear open.
  • Yeast infection in dog ear with redness and brown discharge
  • A close-up of a Golden Doodle's ear being held open by hands, showing infection with black discharge on the inside of the ear.
  • A close-up of an ear infection in a senior King Charles Spaniel, with redness, inflamed ear canals, and yellow discharge and crusts.
  • RadiQuell Canine Skin + Wound soothing serum bottle shown next to a pitbull-type dog on a dark blue background with promotional text about canine ear care.
RADIQUELL CAN HELP WITH THAT
  • A light tan toy poodle holding a brown plush toy mouse in its mouth, photographed indoors against a bright white background.

    Great relief for itchy ears from allergies

    Our toy poodle had been itching his ears for weeks. I knew it was allergies but wasn’t comfortable with the toxicity of giving him allergy “meds”. So we gave RadiQuell a try. It has been a couple weeks now and he is improving each day. I am really thankful we found this.

    -- Robert C.

  • A small black and white Schnauzer mix looking up at the camera on a light-colored wooden floor, with a colorful rope toy on the left and a black sock on the bottom right.

    No more redness

    This ointment resolved the redness on my dogs inner ear.

    -- Greg B.

  • A close-up portrait of a young German Shepherd puppy with titled head and large ears, looking off-camera in a home setting.

    Our dog leaves his ears alone now

    This works really well for our dog. He is always digging in his ears so they get all red and rashly. We put a very tiny amount and rub it in really well, and then leaves his ears alone for a couple days. Then when it starts again he comes up and waits for more. Doesn't hurt him and it smells really good.

    -- Eric T.

  • A close-up portrait of a Coonhound mix breed dog with long drooping ears, brown and black fur, and amber eyes, photographed outdoors against a blurred natural background.

    Great for senior dogs' ears

    I have three senior dogs so it goes without saying there are plenty of places to use RadiQuell. It definitely soothes their sores and bumps as well as my coonhound's impossible ears.

    -- Carol Q.

  • A close-up of a black and white Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dog sitting on a gray couch in a home setting.

    A little goes a long way for dry ears

    I try to use mostly natural products on my dogs and was looking for a nice oil/moisturizer for my dogs dry ears. I have to clean my dog's ears very regularly, so they tend to get dry and itchy afterwards. This has been a nice addition to our routine.

    -- LMK

  • A white West Highland terrier dog wearing a red harness and collar, looking directly at the camera in front of a stacked pile of firewood.

    Works great for itchy ears

    Smells soothing, easy to put on the ears or any spot they itch. Really works well.

    -- Doug B.

  • A close-up portrait of a brown Rhodesian Ridgeback dog with a black muzzle and dark eyes, sitting indoors against a light-colored wall and floor.

    Great stuff

    This ointment resolved the redness on my dogs inner ear.

    -- Greg B.
Illustration of a dog with raised ear with red flames coming out to indicate irritation and discomfort in the inner ear

Why Are My Dog's Ears Itchy?

Dog ears are a sound location for an itch to happen, especially in breeds with ears that droop, fold, have long hair in their ear canals, or have regular allergies. If you see your dog constantly digging in their ears, shaking their head, whining, or holding their head tilted to the side, you'll want to investigate.

There are a variety of reasons behind itchy ears, and many of them tend to overlap. As dogs scratch, they can damage the skin of the ear canal and more complicated issues can arise. After all, scratching your ears with your feet isn't exactly a precise science. 

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Close-up of a brown dog's ear and inner ear area, showing pink ear skin, redness, and inflammation from scratching. A human hand is holding the ear open.

Allergies

Allergies are first among the top causes of itchy dog ears. Environmental allergens, such as grass, pollen, and dust, along with food allergies, trigger an irritating skin reaction, called atopic dermatitis, or atopy.

Allergies often contribute to ear infections. The skin of the ears becomes red, warm, and inflamed, and creates an excellent place for opportunistic microbes to grow. Chronic ear infections can be a sign that your dog has a sensitivity to a particular allergen or substance.

What foods are dogs typically allergic to?

If your dog suffers from chronic ear infections, it is highly recommended that you examine their diet, as an allergen may be present.

Certain proteins are the most common food ingredients identified with canine food allergies. In order of commonality, they are beef (by a large margin), then dairy, chicken, wheat, and lamb. Other allergens that are far less common across dogs are soy, corn, pork, egg, fish, and rice.

See our Complete Guide to Food Allergies in Dogs for much more on this.

Photo: A dog's ear with redness and inflammation from itching, likely due to allergies; via u/Scdooosh_mayhaps on Reddit

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A close-up of a dog's ear with an aural hematoma being gently held by a person's hand.

Aural Hematoma

An aural hematoma is a pocket of blood trapped within the pinna (ear flap). The ear -- whether a portion of it or most of it -- will look thick and puffy and may be sensitive to touch. 

Aural hematomas are generally caused by injury, often from rough play, violent head shaking, or excessive scratching due to allergies, infection, a wound, bee sting, or foreign object stuck in the ear canal. This trauma brings about a rupture to a blood vessel(s), causing blood to leak into the area between the ear cartilage and the skin on the ear's inner surface.

Treating Aural Hematomas

Aural hematomas are generally treated via:

  • Surgery: The blood is drained; the pocket is then stitched to eliminate the space, and the ear is stabilized with a bandage (head wrap) to avoid further damage.
  • Draining the hematoma and injecting a steroid into the pocket. This requires repeated draining, oral steroids, and can take longer than surgery.
  • Oral steroids alone; repeated draining is often needed.
  • No treatment; the hematoma may  slowly reabsorb on its own. However, the tissue will likely be damaged, resulting in a "cauliflower ear," which could block the ear canal. In addition, these injuries can be very painful, so prompt treatment is the way to go.

Photo: Aural hematoma; via u/Capcapsl on Reddit

Yeast infection in dog ear with redness and brown discharge

Bacterial or Yeast Infections

Small colonies of bacteria and fungi naturally dwell on your dog's skin, including in the ears. These microbes thrive in dark, warm, and moist environments, and an infection occurs when these microbe populations grow out of control.

Bacteria and fungi also love damaged or broken skin, which typically occurs when dogs repetitively scratch at an itch. It is possible for dogs to have both a bacterial and yeast infection at the same time.

Most canine bacterial skin infections (aka pyoderma) are caused by a species of Staphylococcus called Staph pseudintermedius and another bacteria called Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both of these bacterial species can form biofilms, which resist antimicrobial treatments and make the infection much harder to eliminate.

Most fungal (yeast) infections are caused by a species of yeast known as Malassezia pachydermatitis. As a quick plug: RadiQuell™ Canine can be very helpful against both types of microbes, their infections, and even the bacterial biofilms, according to our research.

A Heads Up for Dogs That Love Water

Water in the ears helps create a great Petri dish for microbes to grow in. Dogs that spend a lot of time in the water are more prone to get ear infections, so be sure to gently dry their ears after swimming.

Yeast infection in dog ear; photo via the Cornerstone Animal Clinic of Dallas.

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Flat art illustration of a basset hound in a Sherlock Holmes costume holding a magnifying glass in its mouth

Symptoms of Canine Ear Infections (Otitis Externa)

  • Constantly scratching ears, shaking head, rubbing head on things, tilting their head
  • Red, inflamed ear canals
  • Swollen ear tissue or thickened ear flap
  • Pain and sensitive ears
  • Dark yellow or brown ear discharge with bad odor
  • Head shyness (avoids being pet on the head)
  • Depression and irritability

It's very important to note that ear infections have different causes, and simple assumption can lead to extra frustration and expense. Thus, it is vital to perform a cytology to identify the specific microbe(s) behind the infection, select the appropriate treatments or medications, and evaluate response to treatment.

A close-up of a Bernese Mountain Dog's ear and surrounding fur, with a human finger gently holding the ear area. A small pinkish-red adenoma or basal cell tumor is visible on the ear.

Ear Tumors, Polyps, & Cysts

A tumor is an overgrowth of cells in an abnormal place, and a polyp is a variation of a small tumor. Ear polyps typically come in two forms: ceruminous gland adenomas, coming from the glands that make wax (generally benign), and squamous cell carcinomas, arising from the cells lining the ear canal (more aggressive).

It is not fully understood why ear polyps develop, but chronic inflammation in the ear canal can lead to their development. While these growths may not be inherently itchy, they can hamper the function of the ear and lead to a buildup of wax and infections. Surgical removal is generally the most effective way to treat ear polyps.

Cysts are pockets of fluid or semi-fluid matter that can form on their own, as a result of injury, or due to a blockage in a hair follicle(s). Cysts come in different forms and, like polyps, are best removed via surgery.

Photo: Red tumor (possible adenoma) on Bernese Mountain Dog ear; via u/Anxious-Branch-2143 on Reddit

Otodectes cynotis (ear mite) seen under microscope at 100x magnification

Ear Mites

Ear mites are tiny, microscopic parasites that live in the ear canal of many animals, and travel from host to host via physical contact. The species that typically affects dogs and cats is called Otodectes cynotis; demodectic mange mites may also target ears on occasion.

Ear mites feed on skin oils and ear wax, and an infestation often generates an itchy infection that leaves a dry black/brown discharge similar to coffee grounds. However, it should be noted that residue like this is classic among ear infections and is not exclusive to ear mites.

Determining the presence of ear mites calls for a trip to the vet, where they will take a sample to be examined under the microscope (a process called cytology). Treatment for ear mites will generally involve prescription topicals or oral meds with active ingredients such as selamectin, moxidectin, saralaner, and fluralaner. Some prescription flea and tick preventatives are also effective in preventing ear mites.

Photo: Otodectes cynotis mite, by Barbie Papajeski, MS, LVT, RLATG, VTS; via Today's Veterinary Nurse

A close-up view of a dog's ear with a small, oval, tan-colored female tick attached to the skin, held open by human fingers.

Ticks and Fleas

It's no secret that fleas and ticks love a concealed place to hide when they make a meal out of your dog, and the ears are a great place for it. Ticks tend to be more likely to hide under the ears than fleas, but both are possible and quite itchy.

If your dog spends time outdoors, it's always a good idea to check for ticks and keep them on a flea and tick preventative. If you find them, you can remove them (if you're feeling brave) with your fingers or with a pair of plastic tweezers. Either way, you'll want to be sure to remove their head when you extract them.

For more on ticks and a list of the best vet-recommended flea and tick prevention products on the market, see our Dog Tick Tips and Prevention post.

Photo: Female tick attached to dog's ear; via u/First_Weekend_7739 on Reddit

Close-up of a Shih tzu's ear and surrounding fur showing a pink, irritated ear canal area with seborrheic dermatitis, large dried skin crusts, and debris.

Foreign Objects or Debris

Sometimes things get stuck in a dog's ear, and they're simply trying to get it out. Loose straw, grass clippings, dirt, bits of mulch, and seeds such as burrs and foxtails can get caught in those listening flaps. 

If your dog has long ear hair or a significant amount of inner ear hair, be sure to check their ears for "treasure" that they may have picked up while romping around outside. Use caution if they are in pain, or even consider having a vet help with the extraction.

Wax Buildup or Trapped, Matted Hair

Ears need proper air flow to stay dry and minimize the microbial growth. An accumulation of too much ear wax can create an irritation and pressure in the ear.

Dogs with long ear hair or lots of inner ear hair -- spaniels, poodles, Shih tzus, Yorkshire terriers, and others -- run the risk of their hair becoming matted and forming knots. These can also be annoying for dogs and call for a vigorous foot-in-ear session.

Photo: Seborrheic dermatitis with heavy flakes and canal inflammation on inner ear of Shih tzu; via u/Small-Mall-948 on Reddit

Close-up of a gray bully breed dog's ear with an aural hematoma. The ear is being gently held by a human hand in an indoor setting with curtains in the background.

Ear Wound or Injury

Wounds can be causes for irritated ears. Rough play with other dogs, accidents, foxtail seeds, or excessive scratching or head shaking can injure or damage the skin of the ear.

As mentioned above, blood- or fluid-filled pockets referred to as aural hematomas can develop as a result of trauma. Remember that bacteria and yeast are always seeking an opportunity to grow, and open wounds are prime locations to establish an infection.

If you notice a wound in or on your dog's ear -- or anywhere else on your dog, really -- clean the area and apply some RadiQuell™ Canine. It will not only relieve the discomfort, but also protect the wound from microbes and help it heal faster.

For more handy-dandy first aid tips and how to build your own dog first aid kit, check out our Canine First Aid page.

Photo: Aural hematoma on bully breed ear; via u/Intrepid_Pace3209 on Reddit

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Breeds Commonly Affected by Ear Infections

All dog breeds can suffer from ear (otic) infections, but there are certain traits that make some breeds more susceptible than others.

Breeds that are brachycephalic (flat-faced) have narrow ear canals that easily trap moisture and do not allow for good air circulation. In the same vein, breeds with long ears or long hair in the ear canals can accumulate debris and wax, trap moisture, and have restricted air flow.

As mentioned previously, dogs that spend a lot of time swimming or undergo frequent bathing run a higher risk of contracting an ear infection.

  • Flat art illustration of a pug wearing a robe and a party hat

    Pugs

  • Flat art illustration of a French Bulldog wearing a lavender hoodie; the dog is sitting and has an annoyed expression

    Frenchies

  • Flat art illustration of a Shih Tzu dog wearing a Christmas elf costume

    Shih Tzus

  • Flat art illustration of an English Bulldog wearing a propellor cap

    Bulldogs

  • Illustration of a Golden Retriever with a lavender bandanna

    Golden Retrievers

  • Flat art illustration of a Dachshund wearing a miner's helmet with headlamp

    Dachshunds

  • Flat art illustration of a German Shepherd wearing lavender sunglasses and a matching lavender neck tie

    German Shepherds

  • Flat art illustration of a dapper English Springer Spaniel wearing a top hat, bowtie, and monocle.

    Spaniels

  • Flat art illustration of a basset hound in a Sherlock Holmes costume holding a magnifying glass in its mouth

    Basset Hounds

Inside of dog ear with redness in reaction to topical ear medication for infection

How Are Dog Ear Infections (Otitis) Treated?

After an examination with an otoscope (the fancy ear magnifying glass) and cytology (taking samples + examining under a microscope), your vet will determine what microbe(s) are causing the infection. Compound infections -- more than one microbe -- are a possibility.

Treatment for otic bacterial (pyoderma) and yeast (Malassezia) infections generally begin by cleaning the ears to remove wax, debris, or discharge. From there, topical medications are the standard, along with anti-inflammatory meds to help with pain and swelling.

For severe or chronic cases of ear infections, systemic oral medications may be required. While these medications can be effective, they call for prolonged use to eradicate the infection(s), which can put stress on the liver. Not only that, bacteria possess the ability -- especially if they've developed a biofilm -- to resist systemic medications and "share" their resistance mechanisms with other bacteria.

An alternative to prescription topicals that can make a difference with both relieving irritation and helping to reduce inflammation and microbial burden (including biofilms) is RadiQuell™ Canine. It's made with safe, pronounceable ingredients and backed by 15+ years of microbiology research.

Photo: Inflamed inner ear due to a reaction; by Dr. Jangi Bajwa, via the Canadian Veterinary Journal

A close-up of a dog's ear and surrounding fur, showing a small red irritated sore or wound on the ear.

Ear Infection Prevention

We always recommend seeking veterinary attention if your dog has an ear infection, especially since there could be other infection or complications present.

A few ways you can help prevent your dog from developing an ear infection are:

  • Clean their ears every week or two
  • Keep water out of their ear canals when bathing
  • Make sure their ears are dry after bathing or being in water
  • Trimming hair in the ear canal (for dogs with long hair in the ear canal)
  • Make note of their allergies or allergic skin reactions. For example: Do they tend to be more itchy in the spring/fall? Did they have a reaction to a new food?
  • Feeding them a healthy, well-balanced diet and being aware of food allergies, which have been linked to chronic cases
  • Routine vet visits and scheduling appointments quickly when a problem arises
  • Keep some RadiQuell™ Canine on hand!

Photo: Blister / sore of unknown cause on inner ear of dog; via u/Federal_Advantage_10 on Reddit

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  • RadiQuell® Canine fast-soothing skin & wound care serum shown with its retail box and the serum bottle. The packaging features a dark blue background with lavender accents, a dog illustration, and the RadiQuell logo. The tag in the bottom left corner reads 'formerly Lavengel®'.
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  • Atopic dermatitis and skin allergy rash on chest, belly, and underarms of pitbull dog

    Atopic & Allergy Dermatitis

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  • Black french bulldog lying on couch licks front left paw

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  • Skin fold dermatitis with Malassezia yeast infection on hind leg of basset hound dog

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BACK TO SKIN ISSUES HUB
Flat art illustration of a West Highland Terrier with round glasses sitting and reading an open book

Resources on itchy ears, otitis + more

Photo credits

It takes considerable time and effort to compile diverse images of canine skin issues in order to make a helpful resource for pet parents.

There's no possible way to take all these ourselves, so we try to give photo credit whenever we can.

Top banner collage, from left to right:

  1. via Cornerstone Animal Clinic of Dallas
  2. u/Anxious-Branch-2143 (Reddit)
  3. u/Capcapsl (Reddit)
  4. u/Fearless-Bus9903 (Reddit)
  5. u/Sunfee2019 (Reddit)
  6. u/Hannagratteri30 (Reddit)
  7. u/RadHuman27 (Reddit)
  8. u/Federal_Advantage_10 (Reddit)
  9. u/Future-Lawfulness355 (Reddit)
  10. u/Scdooosh_mayhaps (Reddit)
  11. u/ThrowRA_cursed_potat (Reddit)
  12. u/Intrepid_Pace3209 (Reddit)

"Photo Examples of Canine Ear Infections (Otitis)" section, in order of appearance:

  1. u/ThrowRA_cursed_potat (Reddit)
  2. u/Hannagratteri30 (Reddit)
  3. u/[deleted] (Reddit)
  4. via Cornerstone Animal Clinic of Dallas
  5. u/RadHuman27 (Reddit)
  6. u/Future-Lawfullness355 (Reddit)

"More Common Canine Skin Issues" section:

  • Atopic & Allergy Dermatitis: u/scarletfission (Reddit)
  • Excessive Paw Licking: Stock Image
  • Yeast Infections: u/blueyintheus (Reddit)